All 50 states

What every state's lemon law covers

One row per state, sourced from the primary statute the day it was researched. Nothing below renders as an answer until two independent AI research passes have derived it from that statute and agreed.

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This site is static on purpose, so filters are links to prebuilt views, never controls that need a script.

Why most cells still say "Research pending"

Every state's statute has been researched once and cited to its primary source, with a citation, coverage rules, thresholds, and a filing-window trigger recorded in the site's internal source register. Almost none of that renders here, because one reading is not the gate. A cell publishes only after a second AI research pass, working from the question and the state and nothing else, derives the same answer from the primary source, and after the citation is re-checked against the text the state publishes today. When a state clears that, its row updates in the same commit that records the verification date and the source behind it. This page is not waiting to be built; this is the shipping behavior of a finished page with a mostly unverified dataset.

So far California, Florida and Ohio have cleared it in every cell, and New York in 5 of its 8 cells, where the rest stay pending on their own facts or quote the statute. That is 29 of the 400 facts this page tracks across the fifty states. 3 more link to the statute's own text on a state page, quoted word for word and not a verified answer. Everything else reads "Research pending", and that is the honest state of the research rather than a placeholder.

To be plain about the limit of that: this site is not reviewed by an attorney, here or anywhere else on it. What the process above buys you is a fact you can check against the government's own text, not legal judgment about it.

What does each state's lemon law cover?

Verification pending in 47 of the 50 states. Most of the table below is the shape of the answer, not the answer. Every state was researched once against its primary statute and recorded in the site's internal source register. In August 2026 we audited all fifty of those rows against the sources they cite, and the result is the reason this table is nearly empty: the research did not survive the check. So each cell stays pending until the fact in it has been derived twice, independently, and the two derivations agree.

Comparison of state lemon law coverage. 29 of 400 tracked facts have cleared two-pass verification; the rest are research-pending. Remedy language is quoted in full below the table rather than summarised in it. See the callout above.
State	Statute cite	New vehicles	Used vehicles	Repair attempts	Days out of service	Administered by	Filing deadline	Verified
Alabama	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Alaska	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Arizona	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Arkansas	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
California	Cal. Civ. Code Secs. 1790 to 1795.8, with the court procedure at Cal. Code Civ. Proc. Secs. 871.20 to 871.30	A new motor vehicle bought or used primarily for personal, family or household purposes, and also one under 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight bought or used primarily for business by a person with no more than five vehicles registered in the state. It includes the chassis, chassis cab and the portion of a motor home devoted to its propulsion, and excludes the portion of a motor home designed or used primarily for human habitation, motorcycles, and vehicles not registered under the Vehicle Code because they are used exclusively off the highways. The defect must substantially impair the use, value or safety of the vehicle.	The chapter is confined to NEW goods and has no transferee clause, so a private secondhand buyer is not covered by it. But Sec. 1795.5 puts the chapter's obligations on a distributor or retail seller who sells USED goods with an express warranty, which is a real right for a used-vehicle buyer who bought from a dealer with a warranty. Coverage therefore turns on who sold the vehicle and whether an express warranty came with that sale, not on whether a warranty was still running.	4 repair attempts on the same nonconformity, or 2 where it is likely to cause death or serious bodily injury.Window the count must occur in: within 18 months of delivery to the buyer or 18,000 miles on the odometer, whichever occurs first.2 conditions apply.	30 calendar days out of service, cumulative, and the statute requires MORE than 30.Window the count must occur in: within 18 months of delivery to the buyer or 18,000 miles on the odometer, whichever occurs first.1 condition applies.	No single lemon law board. The Department of Consumer Affairs certifies a manufacturer's third-party dispute resolution process, and its Arbitration Certification Program receives manufacturers' elections to be governed by the court procedure and publishes the list of electing manufacturers each December 15. The Department of Motor Vehicles brands a reacquired vehicle's title "Lemon Law Buyback", and the State Board of Equalization reimburses the manufacturer for the sales or use tax it refunds.	Where the manufacturer has elected into the court procedure, an action must be commenced within one year after the applicable express warranty expires and in no event later than six years after original delivery, with time tolled while the vehicle is out of service for repair, for a compliant pre-suit notice period of up to 60 days, and for a third-party dispute process. Where the manufacturer has NOT elected in, the supplied chapters state no limitations period.	8 of 8 cells · Verified against the primary source on September 2, 2026 · Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1790-1795.8 (presumption at § 1793.22); court procedure at Cal. Code Civ. Proc. §§ 871.20-871.30 Drafted and cross-checked against primary sources by AI research agents; samples and every correction reviewed by Matt Spencer, the site operator. Not reviewed by an attorney. Legal information, not legal advice.
Colorado	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Connecticut	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Delaware	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Florida	Fla. Stat. Secs. 681.10 to 681.118	A new vehicle propelled by power other than muscular power and sold in this state to transport persons or property, including a recreational vehicle, a demonstrator or a leased vehicle where a manufacturer warranty was issued as a condition of sale. Vehicles run only upon tracks, off-road vehicles, trucks over 10,000 pounds gross vehicle weight, motorcycles, mopeds, electric bicycles and the living facilities of recreational vehicles are excluded. The chapter reaches a vehicle primarily used for personal, family or household purposes.	Yes, by three routes inside chapter 681 itself. A person to whom the vehicle is transferred for the same personal, family or household purposes during the Lemon Law rights period is a consumer under Sec. 681.102(4). Sec. 681.115 says in terms that the chapter's rights extend to a subsequent transferee. And Sec. 681.114(2) forbids reselling a returned vehicle without a conspicuous disclosure of the nonconformity and a fresh manufacturer warranty of 1 year or 12,000 miles.	3 repair attempts, same nonconformity, plus a final attempt by the manufacturer.Window the count must occur in: within the Lemon Law rights period, which ends 24 months after the date of original delivery.4 conditions apply.	30 cumulative calendar days out of service, 60 for a recreational vehicle.Window the count must occur in: within the Lemon Law rights period, which ends 24 months after the date of original delivery.3 conditions apply.	The Florida New Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board, established within the Department of Legal Affairs, whose members the Attorney General appoints and who are accountable to the Attorney General. Recreational vehicle disputes go instead to the Recreational Vehicle Mediation and Arbitration Program. The Department of Revenue administers and collects the chapter fee, which is deposited into the Motor Vehicle Warranty Trust Fund.	A civil action under the chapter must be commenced within 1 year after the Lemon Law rights period expires, or, where the consumer resorts to an informal dispute settlement procedure or submits the dispute to the department or the board, within 1 year after the final action of that procedure, department or board.	8 of 8 cells · Verified against the primary source on September 2, 2026 · Fla. Stat. §§ 681.10 to 681.118 (Chapter 681) Drafted and cross-checked against primary sources by AI research agents; samples and every correction reviewed by Matt Spencer, the site operator. Not reviewed by an attorney. Legal information, not legal advice.
Georgia	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Hawaii	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Idaho	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Illinois	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Indiana	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Iowa	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Kansas	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Kentucky	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Louisiana	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Maine	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Maryland	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Massachusetts	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Michigan	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Minnesota	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Mississippi	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Missouri	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Montana	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Nebraska	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Nevada	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
New Hampshire	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
New Jersey	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
New Mexico	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
New York	N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law art. 11-A, Secs. 198-a to 199	Statute text on the New York page	Reached two ways. The new-vehicle section defines a "consumer" to include a transferee other than for resale, and Sec. 198-a(i) says its rights "shall inure to a subsequent transferee of such motor vehicle". Separately, Sec. 198-b of the same article requires a dealer selling or leasing a qualifying used vehicle to give a written warranty of a minimum duration set by the vehicle's mileage. Whether any further used-vehicle statute exists elsewhere in New York law is a separate search and is not answered here.	Statute text on the New York page	Statute text on the New York page	No standing state lemon-law board. Where a manufacturer or dealer has established a qualifying informal dispute settlement mechanism, the article's refund and replacement provisions do not apply to a consumer who has not first resorted to it. The Attorney General promulgates the regulations for a separate alternative arbitration programme the consumer may elect. The Department of Motor Vehicles receives buyback notice and keeps the ownership records refunds are paid against.	Four years from the date of original delivery of the vehicle to the consumer, stated once for new vehicles and once for used. Nothing in the article tolls or suspends it.	5 of 8 cells · Verified against the primary source on September 5, 2026 · N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 198-a (used-vehicle counterpart at § 198-b) Drafted and cross-checked against primary sources by AI research agents; samples and every correction reviewed by Matt Spencer, the site operator. Not reviewed by an attorney. Legal information, not legal advice.
North Carolina	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
North Dakota	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Ohio	Ohio Rev. Code Secs. 1345.71 to 1345.78	A passenger car or noncommercial motor vehicle, and the parts of a motor home that are not its permanently installed cold storage, cooking and sleeping facilities. Mobile homes, recreational vehicles and manufactured homes are excluded. The chapter sets no personal, family or household use requirement.	Yes, by two routes. Someone who takes the vehicle while the original express warranty is still running is a consumer under Sec. 1345.71(A)(3). Separately, a manufacturer buyback cannot be resold in Ohio without a fresh 12-month or 12,000-mile warranty, a written warning before signature, and a branded title (Sec. 1345.76).	3 repair attempts, same nonconformity.Window the count must occur in: within 1 year of original delivery or 18,000 miles, whichever is earlier.3 conditions apply.	30 cumulative calendar days out of service.Window the count must occur in: within 1 year of original delivery or 18,000 miles, whichever is earlier.2 conditions apply.	No standing state board. The Attorney General adopts the rules qualifying a manufacturer informal dispute mechanism, and the Division of Consumer Protection supervises it. The clerk of the court of common pleas issues a branded buyback title on a form the Registrar of Motor Vehicles prescribes.	Five years from the date of original delivery, tolled while a complaint sits with an informal dispute resolution mechanism.	8 of 8 cells · Verified against the primary source on August 31, 2026 · Ohio Rev. Code §§ 1345.71 to 1345.78 Drafted and cross-checked against primary sources by AI research agents; samples and every correction reviewed by Matt Spencer, the site operator. Not reviewed by an attorney. Legal information, not legal advice.
Oklahoma	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Oregon	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Pennsylvania	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Rhode Island	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
South Carolina	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
South Dakota	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Tennessee	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Texas	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Utah	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Vermont	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Virginia	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Washington	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
West Virginia	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Wisconsin	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed
Wyoming	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Pending	Research pending · not yet attorney-reviewed

Scroll the table sideways to see every column. The state column stays in place. All fifty states render; a cell reads "Research pending" until the fact in it has been derived twice, independently, from the state's own published statute, and the two derivations agree. A cell that has cleared shows the verified fact and the row carries the date and the source it was checked against. A cell that links to statute text on a state's page shows that state's own statute, quoted word for word, which is not a verified answer. What a state's law says about the remedy itself is quoted in full below the table, never summarised.

What the law says about the remedy, word for word

Four things are quoted here rather than summarised: who chooses between a replacement and a refund, who pays the lawyers, what comes off the refund for the use you had of the vehicle, and when the clock stops. Everywhere else on this page we describe the law in our own words. Not here.

The reason is specific rather than stylistic. When we checked fifty states' summaries against the statutes behind them, these four provisions were where careful writing went wrong in the same direction twice over: a "shall" softened into a "may", a ceiling read as a flat rate, a manufacturer's choice written up as the buyer's. Those changes survive a second reading, because the second reader is writing prose too. A quotation does not have that failure mode, so these render verbatim or they do not render at all. Every one links the section it came from, so you can check us against the state's own text.

California

Who chooses, and what a replacement has to be

(2) If the manufacturer or its representative in this state is unable to service or repair a new motor vehicle, as that term is defined in paragraph (2) of subdivision (e) of Section 1793.22, to conform to the applicable express warranties after a reasonable number of attempts, the manufacturer shall either promptly replace the new motor vehicle in accordance with subparagraph (A) or promptly make restitution to the buyer in accordance with subparagraph (B). However, the buyer shall be free to elect restitution in lieu of replacement, and in no event shall the buyer be required by the manufacturer to accept a replacement vehicle.

Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1793.2(d)(2) · last amended by a 2024 session law · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

Attorney fees and costs

(d) If the buyer prevails in an action under this section, the buyer shall be allowed by the court to recover as part of the judgment a sum equal to the aggregate amount of costs and expenses, including attorney’s fees based on actual time expended, determined by the court to have been reasonably incurred by the buyer in connection with the commencement and prosecution of such action.

Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1794(d) · last amended by a 1992 session law · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

(e) (1) Except as otherwise provided in this subdivision, if the buyer establishes a violation of paragraph (2) of subdivision (d) of Section 1793.2, the buyer shall recover damages and reasonable attorney’s fees and costs, and may recover a civil penalty of up to two times the amount of damages.

Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1794(e)(1) · last amended by a 1992 session law · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

What is deducted for the use you had of the vehicle

(C) When the manufacturer replaces the new motor vehicle pursuant to subparagraph (A), the buyer shall only be liable to pay the manufacturer an amount directly attributable to use by the buyer of the replaced vehicle prior to the time the buyer first delivered the vehicle to the manufacturer or distributor, or its authorized service and repair facility for correction of the problem that gave rise to the nonconformity. When restitution is made pursuant to subparagraph (B), the amount to be paid by the manufacturer to the buyer may be reduced by the manufacturer by that amount directly attributable to use by the buyer prior to the time the buyer first delivered the vehicle to the manufacturer or distributor, or its authorized service and repair facility for correction of the problem that gave rise to the nonconformity. The amount directly attributable to use by the buyer shall be determined by multiplying the actual price of the new motor vehicle paid or payable by the buyer, including any charges for transportation and manufacturer-installed options, by a fraction having as its denominator 120,000 and having as its numerator the number of miles traveled by the new motor vehicle prior to the time the buyer first delivered the vehicle to the manufacturer or distributor, or its authorized service and repair facility for correction of the problem that gave rise to the nonconformity. Nothing in this paragraph shall in any way limit the rights or remedies available to the buyer under any other law.

Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1793.2(d)(2)(C) · last amended by a 2024 session law · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

Changes to time limits

The 30-day limit shall be extended only if repairs cannot be performed due to conditions beyond the control of the manufacturer or its agents.

Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1793.22(b)(3) · last amended by a 2000 session law · leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

Two independent readings of Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1793.22(b)(3) reached opposite conclusions about what it does. A third pass, two further readings made independently of each other with both earlier readings in front of them, settled it. It extends "The 30-day limit", and that is the count the presumption requires: "a cumulative total of more than 30 calendar days" (Cal. Civ. Code Sec. 1793.22(b)(3)). Any time added under it raises that count, so more qualifying days are needed before the presumption arises.

Florida

Who chooses, and what a replacement has to be

If the manufacturer, or its authorized service agent, cannot conform the motor vehicle to the warranty by repairing or correcting any nonconformity after a reasonable number of attempts, the manufacturer, within 40 days, shall repurchase the motor vehicle and refund the full purchase price to the consumer, less a reasonable offset for use, or, in consideration of its receipt of payment from the consumer of a reasonable offset for use, replace the motor vehicle with a replacement motor vehicle acceptable to the consumer. The refund or replacement must include all reasonably incurred collateral and incidental charges. However, the consumer has an unconditional right to choose a refund rather than a replacement motor vehicle. Upon receipt of such refund or replacement, the consumer, lienholder, or lessor shall furnish to the manufacturer clear title to and possession of the motor vehicle.

Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.104(2)(a) · last amended by a 1997 session law · www.flsenate.gov

Attorney fees and costs

A consumer may file an action to recover damages caused by a violation of this chapter. The court shall award a consumer who prevails in such action the amount of any pecuniary loss, litigation costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and appropriate equitable relief.

Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.112(1) · last amended by a 2011 session law · www.flsenate.gov

Any claim by a consumer which is found by the court to have been filed in bad faith or solely for the purpose of harassment, or in complete absence of a justiciable issue of either law or fact raised by the consumer, shall result in the consumer being liable for all costs and reasonable attorney's fees incurred by the manufacturer, or its agent, as a direct result of the bad faith claim.

Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.106 · last amended by a 1991 session law · www.flsenate.gov

If a decision of the board in favor of the consumer is upheld by the court, recovery by the consumer shall include the pecuniary value of the award, attorney's fees incurred in obtaining confirmation of the award, and all costs and continuing damages in the amount of $25 per day for each day beyond the 40-day period following the manufacturer's receipt of the board's decision. If a court determines that the manufacturer acted in bad faith in bringing the appeal or brought the appeal solely for the purpose of harassment or in complete absence of a justiciable issue of law or fact, the court shall double, and may triple, the amount of the total award.

Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.1095(13) · last amended by a 2011 session law · www.flsenate.gov

When a judgment affirms a decision by the board in favor of a consumer, appellate review may be conditioned upon payment by the manufacturer of the consumer's attorney's fees and giving security for costs and expenses resulting from the review period.

Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.1095(14) · last amended by a 2011 session law · www.flsenate.gov

What is deducted for the use you had of the vehicle

"Reasonable offset for use" means the number of miles attributable to a consumer up to the date of a settlement agreement or arbitration hearing, whichever occurs first, multiplied by the base selling or sale price of the vehicle as reflected on the purchase invoice, exclusive of taxes, government fees, and dealer fees, or in the case of a lease, the agreed-upon value as reflected in the lease agreement and divided by 120,000, except in the case of a recreational vehicle, in which event it shall be divided by 60,000.

Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.102(19) · last amended by a 2023 session law · www.flsenate.gov

Changes to time limits

The 30-day period, or 60-day period in the case of a recreational vehicle, may be extended by any period of time during which repair services are not available to the consumer because of war, invasion, strike, fire, flood, or natural disaster.

Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.104(3)(b) · last amended by a 1997 session law · www.flsenate.gov

Two independent readings of Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.104(3)(b) reached opposite conclusions about what it does. A third pass, two further readings made independently of each other with both earlier readings in front of them, settled it. It extends "The 30-day period, or 60-day period in the case of a recreational vehicle", and that is the count the presumption requires: "a cumulative total of 30 or more days, 60 or more days in the case of a recreational vehicle" (Fla. Stat. Sec. 681.104(3)(b)). Any time added under it raises that count, so more qualifying days are needed before the presumption arises.

New York

Who chooses, and what a replacement has to be

If, within the period specified in subdivision (b) of this section, the manufacturer or its agents or authorized dealers are unable to repair or correct any defect or condition which substantially impairs the value of the motor vehicle to the consumer after a reasonable number of attempts, the manufacturer, at the option of the consumer, shall replace the motor vehicle with a comparable motor vehicle, or accept return of the vehicle from the consumer and refund to the consumer the full purchase price or, if applicable, the lease price and any trade-in allowance plus fees and charges.

N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(c)(1) · no amendment date recorded for this provision · www.nysenate.gov

Attorney fees and costs

A court may award reasonable attorney's fees to a prevailing plaintiff or to a consumer who prevails in any judicial action or proceeding arising out of an arbitration proceeding held pursuant to subdivision (k) of this section. In the event a prevailing plaintiff is required to retain the services of an attorney to enforce collection of an award granted pursuant to this section, the court may assess against the manufacturer reasonable attorney's fees for services rendered to enforce collection of said award.

N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(l) · no amendment date recorded for this provision · www.nysenate.gov

In an action brought to enforce the provisions of this article, the court may award reasonable attorney's fees to a prevailing plaintiff or to a consumer who prevails in any judicial action or proceeding arising out of an arbitration proceeding held pursuant to paragraph three of this subdivision. In the event a prevailing plaintiff is required to retain the services of an attorney to enforce collection of an award granted pursuant to this section, the court may assess against the dealer reasonable attorney's fees for services rendered to enforce collection of said award.

N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-b f.5 · no amendment date recorded for this provision · www.nysenate.gov

What is deducted for the use you had of the vehicle

"Mileage deduction formula" means the mileage which is in excess of twelve thousand miles times the purchase price, or the lease price if applicable, of the vehicle divided by one hundred thousand miles.

N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(a)(4) · no amendment date recorded for this provision · www.nysenate.gov

Changes to time limits

The term of an express warranty, the two year warranty period and the thirty day out of service period shall be extended by any time during which repair services are not available to the consumer because of a war, invasion or strike, fire, flood or other natural disaster.

N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(e) · no amendment date recorded for this provision · www.nysenate.gov

Two independent readings of N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(e) agree on what it reaches and what it does to each thing it reaches. It extends "The term of an express warranty", and that is a window the statute describes in these words: "the written warranty, so labeled, of the manufacturer of a new motor vehicle, including any terms or conditions precedent to the enforcement of obligations under that warranty" (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(a)(3)). Any time added under it lengthens that window. It extends "the two year warranty period", and that is the window the presumption must arise within: "during the period of two years following the date of original delivery of the motor vehicle to a consumer, whichever is the earlier date" (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(d)(1)). Any time added under it lengthens that window. It extends "the thirty day out of service period", and that is the count the presumption requires: "a cumulative total of thirty or more calendar days" (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(d)(2)). Any time added under it raises that count, so more qualifying days are needed before the presumption arises. The same presumption is also bounded by "within the first eighteen thousand miles of operation" (N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law Sec. 198-a(d)(1)), which this clause does not reach.

Ohio

Who chooses, and what a replacement has to be

the manufacturer, at the consumer's option and subject to division (D) of this section, either shall replace the motor vehicle with a new motor vehicle acceptable to the consumer or shall accept return of the vehicle from the consumer and refund each of the following:

Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 1345.72(B) · in force since September 15, 1999 · codes.ohio.gov

Attorney fees and costs

shall be entitled to recover reasonable attorney's fees and all court costs

Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 1345.75(A) · in force since September 15, 1999 · codes.ohio.gov

What is deducted for the use you had of the vehicle

Ohio Rev. Code Secs. 1345.71 to 1345.78 contain no such provision. Two independent AI research passes searched that text and neither found one. The first looked for mileage, use allowance, allowance for use; the second looked for reasonable allowance, allowance, mileage, usage, not to exceed, offset, deduct. Searched 2026-08-31.

That is a statement about the sections named above and nothing else. It is not a statement about the rest of Ohio's law.

The nearest thing the chapter does say is a deduction taken out of the refund by a lienholder or lessor, which is the balance still owed on the loan or lease rather than anything charged for the use of the vehicle.

Prior to disbursing the funds to the consumer, the lienholder or lessor may deduct the balance owing to it, including any fees charged for canceling the loan or the lease and refunded pursuant to division (B) of this section, and shall immediately remit the balance if any, to the consumer and cancel the lien or the lease.

Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 1345.72(D)(1) · quoted because it is the closest provision, not because it is the missing one · codes.ohio.gov

Changes to time limits

Any period of time described in division (A) of this section shall be extended by any period of time during which the vehicle could not be reasonably repaired due to war, invasion, civil unrest, strike, fire, flood, or natural disaster.

Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 1345.73(B)(1) · in force since September 29, 2011 · codes.ohio.gov

Two independent readings of Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 1345.73(B)(1) agree on what it reaches and what it does to each thing it reaches. It extends "Any period of time described in division (A) of this section", and that is the window the presumption must arise within: "during the period of one year following the date of original delivery" (Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 1345.73(A)). Any time added under it lengthens that window. The same words also reach the count the presumption requires: "a cumulative total of thirty or more calendar days" (Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 1345.73(A)(2)). Any time added under it raises that count, so more qualifying days are needed before the presumption arises. The same presumption is also bounded by "during the first eighteen thousand miles of operation, whichever is earlier" (Ohio Rev. Code Sec. 1345.73(A)), which this clause does not reach.